Quote_VV0 ...._... 
TODAY_RT ,_, De_NP1 Klerk_NP1 talks_NN2 about_II beach_NN1 apartheid_NN1 and_CC Separate_JJ Amenities_NN2 Act_VV0 ,_, but_CCB what_DDQ about_II those_DD2 pillars_NN2 of_IO apartheid_NN1 like_II the_AT Group_NN1 Areas_NN2 Act_VV0 ,_, the_AT Population_NN1 Registration_NN1 Act_NN1 and_CC the_AT very_RG fundamental_JJ laws_NN2 that_CST govern_VV0 the_AT political_JJ life_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE country_NN1 ?_? 
What_DDQ is_VBZ the_AT use_NN1 of_IO going_VVGK to_TO open_VVI beaches_NN2 when_CS we_PPIS2 must_VM return_VVI to_II segregated_JJ residential_JJ areas_NN2 and_CC schools_NN2 and_CC suffer_VV0 under_II the_AT laws_NN2 that_CST make_VV0 the_AT best_JJT medical_JJ treatment_NN1 the_AT prerogative_NN1 of_IO the_AT whites_NN2 only_RR in_II our_APPGE country_NN1 ?_? 
What_DDQ is_VBZ the_AT point_NN1 of_IO bathing_VVG together_RL in_II the_AT beaches_NN2 when_CS in_II fact_NN1 we_PPIS2 can_VM not_XX sit_VVI together_RL to_TO make_VVI the_AT laws_NN2 of_IO our_APPGE country_NN1 ?_? 
We_PPIS2 have_VH0 demonstrated_VVN against_II petty_JJ apartheid_NN1 because_CS we_PPIS2 are_VBR taking_VVG on_RP the_AT entire_JJ system_NN1 of_IO apartheid_NN1 on_II all_DB fronts_NN2 ._. 
But_CCB these_DD2 campaigns_NN2 have_VH0 never_RR been_VBN isolated_VVN from_II the_AT fundamental_JJ issue_NN1 of_IO power_NN1 ,_, the_AT issue_NN1 of_IO who_PNQS rules_VVZ our_APPGE country_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS has_VHZ this_DD1 right_NN1 to_TO make_VVI and_CC unmake_VVI the_AT law_NN1 ._. 
ANC_NP1 radio_NN1 ,_, Addis_NP1 Ababa_NP1 ,_, November_NPM1 17_MC (_( BBC_NP1 monitoring_NN1 )_) Obituary_NN1 Rene_NP1 Muawad_NP1 ._. 
Controversial_JJ conciliator_NN1 :_: ._. 
LEBANESE_JJ President_NNB Rene_NP1 Muawad_NP1 ,_, killed_VVN in_II a_AT1 car_NN1 bomb_NN1 assassination_NN1 on_II Wednesday_NPD1 ,_, was_VBDZ a_AT1 conciliator_NN1 who_PNQS tried_VVD to_TO restore_VVI Lebanese_JJ peace_NN1 and_CC unity_NN1 after_II 14_MC years_NNT2 of_IO civil_JJ war_NN1 ._. 
He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ 64_MC ._. 
He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ murdered_VVN one_MC1 day_NNT1 after_CS he_PPHS1 told_VVD Lebanese_JJ ,_, on_II the_AT eve_NNT1 of_IO their_APPGE 46th_MD independence_NN1 anniversary_NN1 ,_, that_CST their_APPGE divided_JJ country_NN1 was_VBDZ close_JJ to_II peace_NN1 ._. 
In_II the_AT short_JJ period_NN1 since_CS his_APPGE election_NN1 by_II Parliament_NN1 on_II November_NPM1 5_MC ,_, Muawad_NP1 tried_VVD in_RR21 vain_RR22 to_TO spread_VVI his_APPGE government_NN1 's_GE hold_NN1 beyond_II Syrian-controlled_JJ regions_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 part_NN1 of_IO the_AT Christian_JJ enclave_NN1 north_ND1 of_IO Beirut_NP1 ._. 
Muawad_NP1 was_VBDZ elected_VVN during_II a_AT1 Parliament_NN1 session_NNT1 held_VVN at_II an_AT1 air_NN1 base_NN1 in_II northern_JJ Lebanon_NP1 ._. 
The_AT election_NN1 was_VBDZ part_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 Arab_JJ League-sponsored_JJ peace_NN1 plan_NN1 ._. 
But_CCB he_PPHS1 immediately_RR faced_VVD opposition_NN1 from_II a_AT1 fellow_JJ Maronite_JJ ,_, the_AT Christian_JJ army_NN1 commander_NN1 Gen_NNB Michel_NP1 Aoun_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS denounced_VVD Muawad_NP1 as_II a_AT1 Syrian_JJ puppet_NN1 and_CC claimed_VVD his_APPGE election_NN1 was_VBDZ unconstitutional_JJ ._. 
Muawad_NP1 had_VHD been_VBN a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO the_AT 99-seat_JJ Parliament_NN1 since_CS he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ elected_VVN to_TO represent_VVI his_APPGE home_NN1 region_NN1 in_II 1957_MC at_II age_NN1 32_MC ._. 
An_AT1 early_JJ advocate_NN1 of_IO national_JJ reconciliation_NN1 ,_, Muawad_NP1 had_VHD taken_VVN part_NN1 in_II the_AT 20-member_NN1 '_GE national_JJ dialogue_NN1 committee_NN1 '_GE formed_VVN in_II September_NPM1 1975_MC to_TO find_VVI a_AT1 settlement_NN1 to_II the_AT civil_JJ war_NN1 ,_, then_RT five_MC months_NNT2 old_JJ ._. 
The_AT Muawad_NP1 family_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT Issa_NP1 Khoury_NP1 clan_NN1 to_II which_DDQ his_APPGE wife_NN1 Naila_NP1 belongs_VVZ ,_, are_VBR allied_VVN with_IW the_AT powerful_JJ Franjiehs_NN2 in_II the_AT northeastern_JJ region_NN1 ._. 
The_AT Franjiehs_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS have_VH0 their_APPGE own_DA Marada_NP1 ,_, or_CC Giants_NN2 ,_, militia_NN ,_, are_VBR headed_VVN by_II former_DA president_NN1 Suleiman_NP1 Franjieh_NP1 ,_, one_MC1 of_IO the_AT last_MD of_IO the_AT old-style_JJ Maronite_JJ warlords_NN2 ._. 
Muawad_NP1 graduated_VVD from_II the_AT French-affilated_NP1 St._NNL1 Joseph_NP1 University_NN1 in_II Christian_JJ east_ND1 Beirut_NP1 with_IW a_AT1 law_NN1 degree_NN1 in_II 1947_MC ._. 
He_PPHS1 started_VVD his_APPGE own_DA practice_NN1 in_II the_AT northern_JJ provincial_JJ capital_NN1 of_IO Tripoli_NP1 two_MC years_NNT2 later_RRR ,_, but_CCB gave_VVD it_PPH1 up_RP when_CS he_PPHS1 entered_VVD Parliament_NN1 ._. 
But_CCB Muawad_NP1 spent_VVD his_APPGE first_MD year_NNT1 in_II Parliament_NN1 as_II an_AT1 exile_NN1 in_II the_AT Syrian_JJ port_NN1 city_NN1 of_IO Lattakia_NP1 ,_, after_CS a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 rival_JJ family_NN1 accused_VVD him_PPHO1 of_IO taking_VVG part_NN1 in_II an_AT1 inter-clan_JJ clash_NN1 in_II June_NPM1 1957_MC near_II Zghotra_NP1 in_II which_DDQ 16_MC people_NN were_VBDR killed_VVN ._. 
The_AT House_NN1 refused_VVD demands_NN2 it_PPH1 stripped_VVD Muawad_NP1 of_IO his_APPGE parliamentary_JJ immunity_NN1 ._. 
He_PPHS1 returned_VVD to_II Lebanon_NP1 in_II 1958_MC ,_, shortly_RR after_CS newly_RR elected_VVN President_NNB Fuad_NP1 Chahab_NP1 dropped_VVD charges_NN2 against_II him_PPHO1 for_IF '_GE lack_NN1 of_IO undisputed_JJ evidence_NN1 ._. 
'_" Later_RRR ,_, the_AT witness_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD testified_VVN against_II Muawad_NP1 withdrew_VVD his_APPGE allegation_NN1 ,_, saying_VVG it_PPH1 was_58 '_GE politically_RR motivated_VVN ._. 
'_GE Muawad_NP1 was_VBDZ Minister_NN1 of_IO Telegraphs_NN2 and_CC Telecommunications_NN2 from_II 1961_MC ._. 
He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ named_VVN Minister_NN1 of_IO Public_JJ Works_NN in_II 1969_MC and_CC Minister_NN1 of_IO Education_NN1 in_II 1980_MC ._. 
While_CS he_PPHS1 held_VVD the_AT Education_NN1 Portfolio_NN1 ,_, Muawad_NP1 sliced_VVD through_II sectarian_JJ hatreds_NN2 to_TO organise_VVI school_NN1 examinations_NN2 for_IF Christian_JJ and_CC Moslem_JJ youngsters_NN2 whose_DDQGE studies_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN interrupted_VVN by_II the_AT war_NN1 ._. 
Muawad_NP1 married_VVD Nayla_NP1 Khoury_NP1 on_II Feb._NPM1 11_MC ,_, 1965_MC ._. 
They_PPHS2 have_VH0 a_AT1 daughter_NN1 ,_, Rima_NP1 ,_, 22_MC ,_, and_CC a_AT1 son_NN1 ,_, Michel_NP1 ,_, 17_MC ._. 
Muawad_NP1 (_( right_RR )_) meeting_VVG the_AT Soviet_JJ Ambassador_NN1 this_DD1 month_NNT1 The_AT Russians_NN2 are_VBR coming_VVG Faced_VVN with_IW social_JJ turbulence_NN1 and_CC resurgent_JJ anti-Semitism_NN1 ,_, many_DA2 thousands_NNO2 of_IO Soviet_JJ Jews_NN2 are_VBR emigrating_VVG to_II their_APPGE spiritual_JJ home_NN1 ._. 
Ian_NP1 Black_NP1 in_II Tel_NP1 Aviv_NP1 asks_VVZ whether_CSW Israel_NP1 ,_, willing_JJ but_CCB hardly_RR prepared_VVN for_IF the_AT influx_NN1 ,_, can_VM cope_VVI ._. 
VALERY_NP1 and_CC Ina_NP1 and_CC their_APPGE children_NN2 were_VBDR visibly_RR tired_JJ as_CSA they_PPHS2 traipsed_VVD into_II the_AT Ministry_NN1 of_IO Immigrant_JJ Absorption_NN1 reception_NN1 hall_NN1 at_II Ben_NP1 Gurion_NP1 Airport_NN1 ._. 
It_PPH1 had_VHD been_VBN a_AT1 long_JJ ,_, slow_JJ journey_NN1 from_II Odessa_NP1 and_CC although_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ already_RR 1am_RA there_EX were_VBDR still_RR many_DA2 more_DAR official_JJ forms_NN2 to_TO fill_VVI out_RP before_II their_APPGE new_JJ life_NN1 in_II Israel_NP1 could_VM begin_VVI ._. 
Victoria_NP1 ,_, aged_II 12_MC ,_, made_VVD a_AT1 beeline_NN1 for_IF the_AT reconstituted_JJ orange_NN1 juice_NN1 and_CC sandwiches_NN2 prepared_VVN by_II a_AT1 pair_NN of_IO stout_JJ volunteer_NN1 ladies_NN2 who_PNQS arrived_VVD from_II Russia_NP1 themselves_PPX2 a_AT1 few_DA2 years_NNT2 back_RP ,_, and_CC two-year-old_JJ Oleg_NP1 was_VBDZ soon_RR roaring_VVG about_RP wildly_RR on_II a_AT1 plastic_NN1 fire-engine_NN1 in_II the_AT playroom_NN1 ._. 
There_EX were_VBDR about_RG 100_MC of_IO them_PPHO2 on_II Sunday_NPD1 's_GE evening_NNT1 flight_NN1 from_II Bucharest_NP1 to_II Tel_NP1 Aviv_NP1 ,_, unmistakably_RR Soviet_JJ with_IW their_APPGE fur_NN1 hats_NN2 ,_, cheap_JJ wintry_JJ clothes_NN2 and_CC suitcases_NN2 and_CC quiet_JJ ,_, mechanical_JJ submission_NN1 to_II the_AT first_MD taste_NN1 of_IO Israeli_JJ bureaucracy_NN1 ._. 
Fair-haired_JJ Jews_NN2 from_II Moscow_NP1 and_CC Leningrad_NP1 mingled_VVD with_IW olive-skinned_JJ Georgians_NN2 to_TO read_VVI the_AT Cyrillic_JJ slogans_NN2 welcoming_VVG them_PPHO2 and_CC then_RT sank_VVD down_RP in_II rows_NN2 of_IO plastic_NN1 chairs_NN2 or_CC gazed_VVD at_II the_AT panoramic_JJ photograph_NN1 of_IO Jerusalem_NP1 covering_VVG an_AT1 entire_JJ wall_NN1 ._. 
A_AT1 toothless_JJ old_JJ man_NN1 from_II Baku_NP1 ,_, his_APPGE double-breasted_JJ jacket_NN1 beribboned_JJ with_IW the_AT medals_NN2 of_IO two_MC world_NN1 wars_NN2 ,_, looked_VVD dazed_JJ ._. 
At_II 93_MC ,_, little_RR remained_VVN of_IO the_AT liturgical_JJ Hebrew_NN1 he_PPHS1 had_VHD studied_VVN before_II the_AT October_NPM1 Revolution_NN1 ,_, but_CCB he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ pleased_JJ to_TO be_VBI leaving_VVG his_APPGE quarrelsome_JJ Armenian_JJ and_CC Azerbaijani_JJ neighbours_NN2 behind_RL ._. 
Dimitri_NP1 Bogakovsky_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 36-year-old_JJ doctor_NN1 from_II Kiev_NP1 ,_, was_VBDZ radiantly_RR happy_JJ ._. 
'_" I_PPIS1 feel_VV0 I_PPIS1 have_VH0 come_VVN home_RL ,_, '_" he_PPHS1 said_VVD ._. 
'_" I_PPIS1 'm_VBM only_RR sorry_JJ I_PPIS1 did_VDD n't_XX come_VVI to_II Israel_NP1 20_MC years_NNT2 ago_RA ._. 
'_GE Ina_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 teacher_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ more_RGR cautious_JJ ._. 
'_GE At_II the_AT moment_NN1 I_PPIS1 can_VM say_VVI I_PPIS1 wanted_VVD to_TO come_VVI here_RL and_CC not_XX to_II America_NP1 ,_, '_" she_PPHS1 smiled_VVD ._. 
'_" What_DDQ I_PPIS1 'll_VM be_VBI saying_VVG in_II a_AT1 year_NNT1 's_GE time_NNT1 I_PPIS1 do_VD0 n't_XX know_VVI ._. 
'_GE Several_DA2 flights_NN2 like_II these_DD2 ,_, some_DD from_II Budapest_NP1 and_CC Vienna_NP1 ,_, are_VBR now_RT arriving_VVG at_II Ben_NP1 Gurion_NP1 every_AT1 week_NNT1 ,_, their_APPGE human_JJ cargoes_NN2 eloquent_JJ testimony_NN1 to_II the_AT swelling_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO Soviet_JJ Jewish_JJ emigrants_NN2 and_CC the_AT vast_JJ changes_NN2 that_CST Mikhail_NP1 Gorbachev_NP1 's_GE policies_NN2 have_VH0 wrought_VVN in_II their_APPGE homeland_NN1 ._. 
Economic_JJ and_CC political_JJ uncertainty_NN1 and_CC the_AT rise_NN1 of_IO truculent_JJ local_JJ nationalisms_NN2 from_II the_AT Baltic_JJ to_II the_AT Caspian_NP1 have_VH0 raised_VVN the_AT ancient_JJ spectre_NN1 of_IO anti-Semitism_NN1 ,_, never_RR far_RR below_II the_AT surface_NN1 of_IO Soviet_JJ life_NN1 ._. 
Under_II glasnost_NN1 and_CC perestroika_NN1 ,_, the_AT last_MD great_JJ untapped_JJ pool_NN1 of_IO world_NN1 Jewry_NP1 is_VBZ on_II the_AT move_NN1 ._. 
Exact_JJ numbers_NN2 are_VBR unavailable_JJ :_: 2.5_MC to_II three_MC million_NNO is_VBZ the_AT accepted_JJ figure_NN1 ,_, though_CS 70_MC years_NNT2 of_IO cultural_JJ and_CC religious_JJ suppression_NN1 ,_, intermarriage_NN1 and_CC assimilation_NN1 means_VVZ that_CST the_AT real_JJ number_NN1 in_II Zionist_JJ terms_NN2 those_DD2 who_PNQS qualify_VV0 for_IF automatic_JJ Israeli_JJ citizenship_NN1 under_II the_AT Law_NN1 of_IO Return_NN1 may_VM be_VBI far_RR higher_JJR ._. 
Turbulence_NN1 at_II home_NN1 ,_, combined_VVN with_IW an_AT1 American_JJ decision_NN1 to_TO restrict_VVI Jewish_JJ immigrants_NN2 from_II the_AT Soviet_JJ Union_NN1 ,_, mean_VV0 that_CST the_AT stream_NN1 of_IO emigration_NN1 is_VBZ now_RT directed_VVN almost_RR exclusively_RR at_II Israel_NP1 ._. 
The_AT challenge_NN1 is_VBZ immense_JJ ,_, and_CC no_PN121 one_PN122 is_VBZ sure_JJ whether_CSW it_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI met_VVN ._. 
According_II21 to_II22 the_AT latest_JJT projections_NN2 ,_, 100,000_MC Soviet_JJ Jews_NN2 will_VM arrive_VVI in_II Israel_NP1 over_II the_AT next_MD three_MC years_NNT2 ,_, and_CC the_AT numbers_NN2 may_VM be_VBI even_RR higher_JJR if_CS and_CC when_CS direct_JJ flights_NN2 start_VV0 from_II Moscow_NP1 to_II Tel_NP1 Aviv_NP1 ,_, the_AT most_RGT important_JJ tangible_JJ sign_NN1 of_IO the_AT rapid_JJ thaw_NN1 in_II Soviet-Israeli_JJ relations_NN2 ._. 
In_II comparative_JJ terms_NN2 ,_, such_DA an_AT1 influx_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT equivalent_NN1 of_IO the_AT movement_NN1 of_IO three_MC million_NNO East_NP1 Germans_NN2 to_II West_NP1 Germany_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 country_NN1 (_( unlike_JJ Israel_NP1 )_) with_IW a_AT1 healthy_JJ economy_NN1 where_RRQ difficulties_NN2 of_IO acclimatization_NN1 for_IF the_AT newcomers_NN2 will_VM be_VBI at_II a_AT1 minimum_NN1 and_CC language_NN1 problems_NN2 non-existent_JJ ._. 
If_CS the_AT Russians_NN2 do_VD0 arrive_VVI on_II this_DD1 scale_NN1 it_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI the_AT largest_JJT single_JJ wave_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ Israelis_NN2 call_VV0 aliya_NN1 (_( literally_RR '_GE ascent_NN1 '_GE )_) since_CS the_AT immediate_JJ post_NN1 independence_NN1 years_NNT2 in_II the_AT early_JJ 1950s_MC2 ,_, a_AT1 heady_JJ return_NN1 to_II the_AT heart_NN1 of_IO the_AT Zionist_JJ idea_NN1 at_II a_AT1 time_NNT1 when_RRQ the_AT country_NN1 still_RR fighting_VVG the_AT Palestinian_JJ uprising_NN1 ,_, on_II a_AT1 permanent_JJ war_NN1 footing_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE economy_NN1 slipping_VVG into_II recession_NN1 is_VBZ far_RG21 from_RG22 ready_JJ ._. 
THE_AT FIRST_MD big_JJ wave_NN1 of_IO Russians_NN2 came_VVD after_II the_AT 1967_MC war_NN1 ,_, when_CS Zionist_JJ feelings_NN2 were_VBDR awakened_VVN by_II Israel_NP1 's_GE six_MC day_NNT1 victory_NN1 and_CC Soviet_JJ support_NN1 for_IF the_AT Arabs_NN2 ._. 
Moscow_NP1 underestimated_VVD the_AT phenomenon_NN1 ,_, believing_VVG that_CST if_CS the_AT hard_JJ core_NN1 of_IO '_GE provocateurs_NN2 '_GE were_VBDR allowed_VVN to_TO emigrate_VVI the_AT vast_JJ majority_NN1 would_VM stay_VVI ._. 
The_AT emigration_NN1 movement_NN1 reached_VVD a_AT1 peak_NN1 in_II 1973_MC with_IW 33,000_MC Jews_NN2 leaving_VVG ._. 
It_PPH1 dipped_VVD after_II the_AT Yom_FW Kippur_FW war_NN1 ,_, rising_VVG again_RT to_II 51,000_MC in_II 1979_MC ._. 
Until_CS 1982_MC figures_NN2 dropped_VVD steadily_RR again_RT ,_, reaching_VVG a_AT1 low_JJ point_NN1 in_II 1986_MC ._. 
Even_RR in_II the_AT good_JJ years_NNT2 Israel_NP1 had_VHD only_RR a_AT1 share_NN1 ._. 
Between_II 1968_MC and_CC 1988_MC 280,000_MC Jews_NN2 emigrated_VVD ,_, but_CCB only_RR 165,000_MC came_VVD to_II Israel_NP1 ._. 
In_II 1988_MC the_AT drop-out_NN1 rate_NN1 reached_VVD a_AT1 staggering_JJ 92_MC per_NNU21 cent_NNU22 ._. 
But_CCB in_II the_AT first_MD 10_MC months_NNT2 of_IO 1989_MC alone_JJ over_RG 7,000_MC have_VH0 arrived_VVN ,_, and_CC there_EX are_VBR expected_VVN to_TO be_VBI 10,000_MC by_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT year_NNT1 ._. 
The_AT new_JJ wave_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX in_II the_AT heroic_JJ mould_NN1 of_IO famous_58 '_GE refuseniks_NN2 '_GE like_II Anatoly_NP1 Scharansky_NP1 ,_, Ida_NP1 Nudel_NP1 and_CC Josef_NN1 Begun_VVN ,_, who_PNQS finally_RR arrived_VVN in_II Israel_NP1 after_II years_NNT2 of_IO persecution_NN1 ,_, exile_NN1 and_CC imprisonment_NN1 ._. 
Few_DA2 of_IO the_AT newcomers_NN2 know_VV0 any_DD Hebrew_NN1 and_CC few_DA2 have_VH0 more_DAR than_CSN the_AT vaguest_JJT idea_NN1 about_II Israel_NP1 ._. 
Many_DA2 would_VM have_VHI preferred_VVN America_NP1 ._. 
With_IW the_AT Berlin_NP1 Wall_NN1 ,_, the_AT most_RGT famous_JJ barrier_NN1 of_IO all_DB ,_, falling_VVG ,_, the_AT more_RGR media-conscious_JJ activists_NN2 among_II the_AT Soviet_JJ Jews_NN2 already_RR here_RL are_VBR warning_VVG that_CST Israel_NP1 is_VBZ just_RR not_XX prepared_VVN for_IF the_AT influx_NN1 ._. 
'_GE Israel_NP1 's_GE lack_NN1 of_IO preparedness_NN1 for_IF mass_JJ Soviet_JJ Jewish_JJ immigration_NN1 is_VBZ psychologically_RR understandable_JJ but_CCB not_XX politically_RR forgivable_JJ ,_, '_" says_VVZ Yuri_NP1 Stern_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 Muscovite_NN1 who_PNQS came_VVD in_II 1981_MC ._. 
'_" Its_APPGE very_RG difficult_JJ to_TO appreciate_VVI a_AT1 revolution_NN1 ,_, to_TO see_VVI today_RT as_CSA really_RR qualitatively_RR ,_, dramatically_RR different_JJ from_II the_AT day_NNT1 before_RT ._. 
Its_APPGE difficult_JJ to_TO go_VVI beyond_II normal_JJ scepticism_NN1 and_CC see_VVI this_DD1 huge_JJ number_NN1 not_XX just_RR as_II a_AT1 potential_JJ but_CCB as_II a_AT1 reality_NN1 ._. 
'_GE Israelis_NN2 are_VBR pleased_JJ with_IW the_AT change_NN1 in_II the_AT US_NP1 regulations_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ effectively_RR signal_VV0 an_AT1 end_NN1 to_II the_AT drop-out_NN1 phenomenon_NN1 ._. 
'_GE Israel_NP1 ,_, '_" says_VVZ one_MC1 senior_JJ official_NN1 ,_, '_" has_VHZ never_RR been_VBN interested_JJ in_II emigration_NN1 as_II such_DA ,_, but_CCB in_II aliya_NN1 in_II having_VHG as_RG many_DA2 Jews_NN2 as_CSA possible_JJ come_VV0 to_II Israel_NP1 ._. 
'_GE In_II this_DD1 perspective_NN1 ,_, places_NN2 like_II the_AT Ladispoli_JJ transit_NN1 camp_NN1 near_II Rome_NP1 ,_, where_CS thousands_NNO2 of_IO Soviet_JJ Jews_NN2 are_VBR still_RR awaiting_VVG visas_NN2 to_II the_AT US_NP1 ,_, are_VBR a_AT1 disgrace_NN1 ._. 
A_AT1 thriving_JJ Jewish_JJ life_NN1 in_II New_NP1 York_NP1 's_GE Brighton_NP1 Beach_NN1 will_VM not_XX reinforce_VVI Israel_NP1 ._. 
Freedom_NN1 of_IO choice_NN1 is_VBZ no_RR21 longer_RR22 on_II the_AT agenda_NN1 ,_, especially_RR now_CS21 that_CS22 American_JJ Jews_NN2 have_VH0 discovered_VVN that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ easier_JJR to_TO raise_VVI money_NN1 for_IF absorbing_VVG Soviet_JJ Jews_NN2 in_II Israel_NP1 than_CSN it_PPH1 is_VBZ for_IF resettling_VVG them_PPHO2 in_II the_AT US_NP1 ._. 
The_AT Israeli_JJ government_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN agonisingly_RR slow_JJ to_TO take_VVI up_RP the_AT challenge_NN1 ,_, although_CS it_PPH1 has_VHZ calculated_VVN that_CST US$3_FO billion_NNO will_VM be_VBI needed_VVN over_RG three_MC years_NNT2 for_IF housing_NN1 ,_, job_NN1 creation_NN1 and_CC other_JJ aspects_NN2 of_IO large-scale_JJ immigrant_JJ absorption_NN1 ._. 
The_AT bureaucracy_NN1 certainly_RR needs_VVZ streamlining_VVG :_: the_AT immigrants_NN2 are_VBR met_VVN initially_RR by_II the_AT Absorption_NN1 Ministry_NN1 ,_, but_CCB once_RR in_II the_AT country_NN1 many_DA2 of_IO their_APPGE needs_NN2 are_VBR looked_VVN after_II by_II the_AT Jewish_JJ Agency_NN1 ,_, the_AT semi-private_JJ organisation_NN1 that_CST dates_VVZ back_RP to_II the_AT early_JJ years_NNT2 of_IO Jewish_JJ settlement_NN1 in_II Palestine_NP1 ._. 
The_AT two_MC bodies_NN2 are_VBR often_RR at_II loggerheads_NN2 ,_, and_CC there_EX are_VBR constant_JJ disputes_NN2 over_II methods_NN2 :_: are_VBR the_AT newcomers_NN2 best_RRT served_VVN by_II direct_JJ absorption_NN1 being_VBG given_VVN money_NN1 and_CC subsidies_NN2 for_IF their_APPGE first_MD year_NNT1 and_CC then_RT left_VVD to_TO cope_VVI on_II their_APPGE own_DA ,_, or_CC by_II being_VBG placed_VVN in_II one_MC1 of_IO the_AT 38_MC Jewish_JJ Agency_NN1 absorption_NN1 centres_NN2 ._. 
LEARNING_VVG Hebrew_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 priority_NN1 for_IF all_DB ,_, and_CC places_NN2 in_II the_AT famous_JJ ulpan_NN1 system_NN1 are_VBR available_JJ at_RR21 once_RR22 ._. 
But_CCB even_RR after_II six_MC months_NNT2 of_IO intensive_JJ study_NN1 many_DA2 other_JJ problems_NN2 remain_VV0 ._. 
A_AT1 Soviet_JJ engineer_NN1 who_PNQS lost_VVD his_APPGE job_NN1 a_AT1 decade_NNT1 ago_RA after_II applying_VVG to_TO emigrate_VVI needs_NN2 to_TO catch_VVI up_RP ._. 
Doctors_NN2 need_VV0 to_TO retrain_VVI for_IF eight_MC months_NNT2 ._. 
At_II the_AT big_JJ Mevasseret_NN1 absorption_NN1 centre_NN1 near_II Jerusalem_NP1 ,_, where_CS there_EX are_VBR 77_MC Russian_JJ families_NN2 in_II different_JJ stages_NN2 of_IO acclimatization_NN1 ,_, only_RR half_DB the_AT breadwinners_NN2 are_VBR working_VVG ._. 
Unskilled_JJ workers_NN2 tend_VV0 to_TO do_VDI better_RRR than_CSN the_AT professionals_NN2 ,_, enjoying_VVG the_AT advantages_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 free_JJ market_NN1 for_IF the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 in_II their_APPGE lives_NN2 ._. 
On_II the_AT positive_JJ side_NN1 ,_, the_AT changes_NN2 inside_II the_AT Soviet_JJ Union_NN1 will_VM help_VVI :_: with_IW the_AT unprecedented_JJ flowering_NN1 of_IO Jewish_JJ cultural_JJ freedom_NN1 ,_, Hebrew_JJ classes_NN2 are_VBR now_RT a_AT1 possibility_NN1 ;_; potential_JJ immigrants_NN2 can_VM now_RT learn_VVI more_RRR about_II Israel_NP1 before_CS they_PPHS2 come_VV0 ._. 
Another_DD1 innovation_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT stream_NN1 of_IO Jewish_JJ tourists_NN2 visiting_VVG Israel_NP1 from_II Russia_NP1 :_: 25,000_MC have_VH0 been_VBN since_II 1988_MC ,_, and_CC the_AT Jewish_JJ Agency_NN1 sees_VVZ this_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 uniquely_RR helpful_JJ way_NN1 to_TO win_VVI hearts_NN2 and_CC minds_NN2 ._. 
Forty_MC thousand_NNO are_VBR expected_VVN next_MD year_NNT1 ._. 
The_AT new_JJ arrivals_NN2 ,_, like_II their_APPGE predecessors_NN2 ,_, tend_VV0 towards_II the_AT right_NN1 of_IO the_AT political_JJ spectrum_NN1 ._. 
'_GE Of_RR21 course_RR22 we_PPIS2 thought_VVD about_II political_JJ problems_NN2 ,_, but_CCB everyone_PN1 in_II Israel_NP1 suffers_VVZ from_II the_AT same_DA ones_NN2 ,_, '_" says_VVZ Igor_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 railway_NN1 engineer_NN1 studying_VVG at_II the_AT Mevasseret_NN1 ulpan_NN1 ._. 
'_" I_PPIS1 'm_VBM content_JJ to_TO go_VVI into_II the_AT army_NN1 ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 'm_VBM definitely_RR against_II giving_VVG up_RP territory_NN1 to_II the_AT Arabs_NN2 ._. 
'_GE The_AT veterans_NN2 are_VBR pleased_JJ ,_, but_CCB accept_VV0 that_CST the_AT newcomers_NN2 are_VBR coming_VVG here_RL less_DAR out_II21 of_II22 choice_NN1 than_CSN of_IO necessity_NN1 ._. 
Haim_VV0 Scheider_NP1 ,_, an_AT1 economist_NN1 who_PNQS left_VVD Lithuania_NP1 10_MC years_NNT2 ago_RA ,_, has_VHZ been_VBN unemployed_JJ for_IF 18_MC months_NNT2 ,_, but_CCB still_RR has_VHZ no_AT regrets_NN2 ._. 
He_PPHS1 visited_VVD his_APPGE former_DA homeland_NN1 last_MD summer_NNT1 and_CC could_VM n't_XX bear_VVI it_PPH1 ._. 
'_" You_PPY make_VV0 comparisons_NN2 all_DB the_AT time_NNT1 and_CC the_AT comparison_NN1 is_VBZ in_II Israel_NP1 's_GE favour_NN1 ,_, there_EX 's_VBZ no_AT doubt_NN1 about_II it_PPH1 ._. 
People_NN have_VH0 achieved_VVN things_NN2 here_RL that_CST they_PPHS2 coud_VV0 n't_XX do_VD0 in_II Russia_NP1 ,_, not_XX even_RR in_II their_APPGE wildest_JJT dreams_NN2 ._. 
'_GE Haim_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS speaks_VVZ halting_JJ Hebrew_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 heavy_JJ accent_NN1 ,_, still_RR leads_VVZ an_AT1 intensely_RR Russian_JJ life_NN1 in_II the_AT new_JJ West_NP1 Bank_NP1 settlement_NN1 north_ND1 of_IO Jerusalem_NP1 where_RRQ he_PPHS1 lives_VVZ with_IW his_APPGE wife_NN1 and_CC two_MC children_NN2 ._. 
'_" My_APPGE son_NN1 is_VBZ already_RR an_AT1 Israeli_NN1 ,_, '_" he_PPHS1 laughs_VVZ ,_, '_" he_PPHS1 prefers_VVZ humus_NN1 and_CC felafel_VV0 to_II gefilte_NN1 fish_NN ._. 
'_GE Difficulties_NN2 abound_VV0 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 seems_VVZ that_CST the_AT Russians_NN2 are_VBR coming_VVG anyway_RR ._. 
'_GE In_II times_NNT2 of_IO emergency_NN1 we_PPIS2 behave_VV0 differently_RR from_II normal_JJ times_NNT2 ,_, '_" says_VVZ Meir_NP1 Edlestein_NP1 ,_, the_AT director_NN1 of_IO the_AT Mevasseret_NN1 absorption_NN1 centre_NN1 ._. 
'_" This_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 very_RG Zionist_JJ answer_NN1 ._. 
'_" More_RGR practical_JJ answers_NN2 will_VM have_VHI to_TO be_VBI provided_VVN as_II the_AT Jews_NN2 pour_VV0 in_RP ,_, huddled_VVN on_II the_AT platform_NN1 of_IO rapidly_RR changing_JJ history_NN1 ,_, anxious_JJ to_TO change_VVI their_APPGE lives_NN2 in_II an_AT1 imperfect_JJ world_NN1 ._. 
'_GE The_AT marriage_NN1 between_II Soviet_JJ Jews_NN2 and_CC Israel_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 marriage_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ probably_RR going_VVGK to_TO happen_VVI ,_, '_" argues_VVZ Yuri_NP1 Stern_NN1 ,_, '_" whether_CSW31 or_CSW32 not_CSW33 the_AT bride_NN1 and_CC groom_VV0 feel_VV0 they_PPHS2 are_VBR really_RR ready_JJ for_IF it_PPH1 ._. 
'_GE And_CC did_VDD those_DD2 feet_NN2 ..._... predecessors_NN2 of_IO the_AT new_JJ wave_NN1 of_IO Soviet_JJ Jews_NN2 walking_VVG to_II Palestine_NP1 in_II the_AT 1930sPHOTOGRAPH_FO :_: BBC_NP1 HULTON_NP1 PICTURE_NN1 LIBRARY_NN1 corrections_NN2 page_NN1 19_MC 
